The fate of the American Revolution had yet to be decided when a remarkable 21-year-old Frenchman arrived in America. Louis-François-Bertrand, the Count of Lauberdière, belonged to an old noble family that traced its heritage back to the Crusades. His father, François-Charles-Mathieu, was musketeer of the guard of King Louis XV. More important, his uncle was General Rochambeau, the commander of all French forces in America. The Count of Lauberdière kept one of the most remarkable diaries of the entire war, and it is published here for the first time as The Road to Yorktown: The French Campaigns in the American Revolution, 1780-1783, by Louis-François-Bertrand du Pont d’Aubevoye, comte de Lauberdière, translated and edited by Norman Desmarais.
Serving as aide-de-camp on General Rochambeau’s staff, the young and well-educated Lauberdière enjoyed a unique perspective of the war. He rubbed shoulders with some of the Revolution’s most important personalities (including George Washington and Lafayette), and was in the epicenter of many of the war’s momentous events. His journal covers a host of topics in remarkable detail, including descriptions of the French army’s camp in Newport, Rhode Island, the long march to Yorktown, the siege, and capture, and a fascinating examination of the people and their distinctive colonial culture.
His keen eye and sharp descriptions of the Army’s daily activities and movements provide a wealth of information for inquisitive readers and historians—details found only in this diary. For example, nearly all French diaries mention the army’s arrival and landing at Newport, but only Lauberdière’s identifies exactly where it occurred. Anti-French prejudices were common, and the nephew recorded how Rochambeau dispelled them and won over the locals. Culture fascinated the young Count, who keenly observed how the colonials attempted to imitate European manners and styles, marveling at how Philadelphia adopted Parisian fashions in the brief time between his visits there. He even visited Washington’s home at Mount Vernon and made pointed comments about his wife, Martha.
With its expertly crafted footnotes, maps, and illustrations, The Road to Yorktown offers a fresh and invigorating firsthand account that will satisfy even the most demanding student of the American Revolution.
The Road to Yorktown: The French Campaigns in the American Revolution, 1780-1783
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Introduction ix
French Involvement x
Louis François Bertrand Dupont d’Aubevoye de Lauberdière xiv
The Manuscript xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Campaign of 1780
Introduction 1
Battle of the Belle Poule 6
Siege and Attack of Savannah 6
Chevalier de Ternay 9
May 1780 12
Battle of the Bermudas 14
Change of Direction at Chesapeake Bay 15
The Fleet and the Convoy enter Newport Harbor 17
Battle of the Hermione 18
The Enemy Appear off Newport 22
General Washington’s Plans 24
Delegation of Natives 28
Arnold’s Treason 34
Battle of Camden 39
Winter Quarters 45
Major Talmadge takes Fort St. George 52
Death of the Chevalier de Ternay 53
Campaign of 1781
Introduction 57
Happy New Year Wishes 60
Passages of Bristol and of Howland’s ferry protected and defended 61
Morgan Defeats Tarleton in Carolina 61
Mutiny of the Continental Army 62
Sir Henry Clinton Seeks to Contain a Party 63
Response of One of the Leaders 63
General Washington has the Militiamen Return to Duty 64
Position of Admiral Arbuthnot at Gardner’s Bay 64
Arnold’s Successes/Congress Writes to the Chevalier Destouches 64
L’Astrée’s Arrival at Boston 67
General Washington Arrives at Newport 68
Battle of the Chesapeake 71
Battle of Guilford Courthouse 73
Newport Warehouses Evacuated 76
Arrival of the Concorde at Boston 77
Arrival of troops at New York and Charleston 78
Conference at Wethersfield 79
The Army Leaves Newport 82
Newporters’ Civil Life 85
March to New York 89
Arrival at Phillipsburg 104
Tarrytown 108
Haverstraw Bay 109
Morrisania 112
Defenses of York Island 117
Change of Plans 122
Chatham 124
The March South 126
Arrival at Philadelphia 139
Cornwallis Fortifies Yorktown and Gloucester 145
Camp at Williamsburg 154
Siege of Yorktown 156
British Surrender 168
Embarkation of the Troops 179
Conclusion of the Campaign of 1781 182
Campaign of 1782
Introduction 189
January 1782 191
Jamaica Expedition 196
Departure From Williamsburg 201
The March North 203
Visit at Mount Vernon 210
Visit with Governor Lee 215
Arrival in Baltimore 221
Captain Lippincott Affair 228
Review of the Troops 231
Frigates Aigle and Gloire 233
Camp at Croton 235
Rochambeau’s Arrest 237
New London and Fort Griswold 244
Return to Newport 248
The Frigate Danaé Runs Aground 260
Campaign of 1783
Introduction 263
Rochambeau’s Departure 264
Return to Annapolis 267
Departure 269
Return to France 272
Abenaki (Native American tribe), 43
Active (French frigate), 274
Agenois Regiment, 145, 158, 162, 163, 165,
167, 180
Aigle (44-gun French frigate), 190, 233-235,
259
Alexandria, VA, 209-211, 213
Amazone (French frigate), 9, 15, 17, 44, 49, 56
America (ship) 261
André, John, 2, 34-38, 131
Andromaque (40-gun French frigate), 179, 180
Angel’s Tavern, 252
Annapolis, Md, 73, 150-154, 190, 215-217,
221, 251, 263, 264, 266-268, 272
Arbuthnot, Mariot, 22, 23, 25, 32, 57, 58, 64,
67, 68, 71, 72
Ardent (French ship), 9, 14, 15, 66
Arethusa (British frigate), 6
Armand’s Legion, 39
Armand-Charles-Augustin Le comte de
Castries de Charlus, 112
Arnold, Benedict, 2, 73, 75, 131, 187, 239, 246;
in Virginia, 50, 52, 57, 64; treachery, 34, 37,
38
Arnold, Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, 36, 38
Asgill, Charles, 190, 228, 229
Astrée (French frigate), 67
Augusta (British vessel), 142, 144
Auguste (80-gun French ship), 152, 198
Auvergne Regiment (see Gâtinais or Gatinois
Regiment)
Auxonne artillery, 9
Back Creek, MD, 151
Baltimore, 121, 132, 146, 149, 150, 152,
214-217, 221, 222, 263, 265-268, 274
Barbados, 42
Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques, 136
Barnes’s Tavern, 96- 98, 240
Barracks, 45, 46, 185, 201, 250, 255
construction, 257, 258
Barras, Jacques Melchior, Comte de, 58, 59, 66, 77,
79, 81, 107, 123, 124, 152, 158, 172, 180
Barton, William, 52
Baudoin, Louis Gabriel de, 56
Beard’s Tavern, 219
Bedford, NY, 64, 101, 103
Belle Poule (French frigate), 66, 73
Bellone (32-gun French frigate), 13
Bermudas, 13, 32, 55
Bermudas, Battle of the, 14
Béville, Pierre-François de, 17, 19, 45, 76, 190, 222,
252, 268, 273
Birmingham Church, 148
Bladensburg, MD, 213, 214
Blanchard, Claude, 151, 153
Block Island, RI, 17
Bolton, CT, 91, 95, 242, 253
Bonetta (British sloop of war), 168, 171, 176, 189,
191, 192
Boston, MA, 25, 37, 40, 44, 53, 54, 58, 67, 80, 81,
190, 220, 233, 250, 266
Bougainville Louis Antoine de, 152, 198
Bouillé, François Claude Amour, marquis de, 37,
179, 180, 193, 194, 196, 250
Boulainvilliers de Croÿ, Louis-Henry de, 199
Bourbonnais Regiment, 2, 9, 11, 16, 19, 25, 42, 90,
91, 93, 95-98, 101, 108, 111, 120, 124, 132-134,
137, 146, 149, 156, 161, 162, 165, 167, 168, 181,
185, 201, 203-209, 211, 213, 214, 222-227, 229,
268
Bowling Green, VA, 206, 207
Brandywine Creek, PA,146, 148
Brandywine, PA, 59, 226
Brandywine, Battle of, 7, 92, 137, 142, 155
Breakneck, CT, 96-98, 240
Brenton’s Point, RI, 24, 33
Bressolles, Gilbert de, 25, 120, 121
Brimstone Hill, 189, 194
Bristol Ferry, RI, 28, 91
Bristol, PA, 136
Bristol, RI, 92
Broglie Prince de, 235, 249
Bronx River, NY, 102, 104
Brunswick, NJ, 135
Bullion’s Tavern, 134, 226, 227
Burgoyne, John, 36, 39, 178
Burk Bridge, 205-207
Burkirt’s Tavern, 218, 258
Burlington,NJ, 136
Bushtown, MD, 217, 222, 265
Byrd’s Tavern, 204
Calypso (French frigate), 200
Camden, battle of, 2, 39, 46, 212
Camden, SC, 39
Canterbury, CT, 90, 94, 95
Cape Charles, 67, 180
Cape Henry, 179, 180, 189, 193, 211, 269
Cape Henry, Battle of, 73
Capitulation, articles of, 59, 16, 169, 177
Capricieuse (French frigate), 66
Capuchin, 2, 31
Carleton, Guy, 199, 217, 219, 220, 258
Carleton’s Bridge, 97, 240
Caton (64-gun French ship), 198
Centurion (50-gun British vessel), 235, 269
César (74-gun French ship), 136, 198
Chadds Ford, PA, 146, 148
Charleston, 7, 14, 39, 40, 46, 50, 58, 73, 74, 78,
79, 145, 168, 178-180, 185, 189, 194, 199,
212, 2018, 222; capture 2, 15; expedition,
179; Siege of, 99; troops, 78
Charlotte Courthouse, 186, 201, 213
Charlotte Dundas (British steamboat), 169
Charon (50-gun British ship), 165
Chastellux, Francois Jean, 9, 13, 53, 111, 134,
162, 165, 167, 174, 190, 208, 252, 268, 273
Chatham, NJ, 124, 125, 134, 227, 229
Chatterton Hill, NY, 104
Chelsea, CT, 244
Chesapeake Bay, 15, 16, 50, 55, 59, 65-67,
71-73, 99, 122, 137, 142, 145, 146, 151, 155,
179, 184, 189, 195, 207, 211, 214, 216, 217, 223,
263, 264, 268, 269, 271
Chesapeake, Battle of the, 58, 71, 152
Chester, PA, 144, 145, 218-220, 224, 225, 258, 264
Chickahominy River, 146
Choisy, Claude Gabriel marquis de, 37, 53, 58, 59,
82, 83, 107, 123, 124, 153, 155, 156, 159, 163,
174, 178, 190, 215, 252, 268, 272, 273
Christian’s Bridge, 149
Cibèle (French transport), 42
Clinton, Henry, 21, 23, 34, 35, 37, 50, 57, 60, 63, 78,
79, 119, 120, 128, 145, 168, 171, 176, 189, 199,
227, 228, 246
Clochetterie, Jean-Isaac Chadeau, Sieur de la, 73
Clonard, Chevalier Robert Sutton de, 193
Closen, Karl Friedrich von, 11, 113, 158
Closter, NJ, 108
Cobb, David, 99
Colchester, VA, 208, 211, 213
Collot, George Henri Victor, 12, 150, 159, 264
Combahee River, Battle of the, 138
Conanicut Island, RI, 19, 23, 24, 249
Concorde (French frigate), 58, 59, 77, 81, 122, 163
Connecticut River, 91
Conquérant (74-gun French ship), 9, 71, 72
Cornwallis, Charles, 39, 40, 46, 47, 50, 59, 60, 73-
75, 78, 79, 119, 120, 134, 135-137, 139, 148,
153-156, 158-160, 163, 168, 169, 171-174, 176-
178, 181, 183, 191, 199, 25, 206, 223, 246;
capture of Charleston, 14; at Billingsport,
144-146; retreats, 50
Cornwallis, William, 1, 14
Corny, Ethis, 24
Corporal Punishment, 42
Coryel’s Ferry, 218
Council of War, 2, 15, 72, 81, 220
Course, Comte de la, 19
Cox Hill Fort, 117
Croton Bridge, 236
Croton River, 81
Croton, NY, 235
Culloden (74-gun British frigate), 64, 67
Custine, Adam Philippe Comte de, 22, 90, 150, 151,
153, 167
d’Aboville, François Marie comte, 175
d’Angely, Baron François Marie, 107, 109
d’Escars, Baron, 145, 160, 181, 197
D’Estaing Jean Baptiste Charles Henri Hector,
6, 27, 28, 54, 235, 250, 271
Damas, Joseph Louis Cesar Charles comte
then duc de, 11, 32, 113, 125, 149, 173, 179
Danaé (French frigate), 260
Danbury, CT, 20 and 38, 239
Delaware Bay, 190, 191, 261
Delaware River, 134-137, 140, 142, 149, 218,
235, 260, 261
Desandroüins, Jean Nicolas, 32
Destouches, Charles René Dominique Sochet,
Chevalier, 32, 53, 56-58, 65, 67, 71-73
Deux Ponts William des, 60, 151, 166, 179
Diademe (French vessel), 152
Digby, Robert, 123, 176, 179, 185
Diligente (French frigate), 181, 189, 192
Dillard’s Run, 206-208
Dobbs Ferry, 59, 102, 109, 236
Donop, Karl Emil Kurt von, 136, 143
Dorance’s Tavern, 252
Drinking Spring, 201, 203, 204
du Bouchet de Sourches, Louis II, 3rd marquis
de Sourches, 83
Duc de Bourgogne (80-gun French ship), 9, 15, 68,
73, 81
Dumas, Mathieu, 11, 186
Dumfries, VA, 207-209, 211
Dundas, Thomas, 169
Dunmore, Lord John Murray, 4th Earl of, 64,
199
Duportail, Louis Lebègue de Presle, 129, 144,
175
East Hartford, 91, 93, 95, 240, 242
Eastchester, NY,121
Easton, NJ, 258
Elizabeth River, 64, 119
Elk River, 73, 151, 223
Émeraude (French frigate), 195, 264, 268, 272,
273
Eveillé (74-gun French ship), 9, 14, 15, 65
Expériment (50-gun French vessel), 145, 160
Falmouth, VA, 207-209
Fantasque (64 gun French ship), 251
Fargès (French vessel), 17
Farmington, CT, 95-97, 240, 254, 255
Fatland Ford, 137
Fayette, 6, 7, 10, 18, 25, 36, 48, 68, 73, 75, 78, 119,
120, 123, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 166, 175,
177, 178, 217
Ferguson, Patrick, 46
Fersen, Count Hans Axel von, 11, 29, 32, 123, 150,
153, 214, 249
Fisher’s Island, NY, 245
Fishkill, NY 255, 256
FitzHerbert, Alleyne, 241
Fleury, François Louis Teissedre de, 131, 132, 233
Fort Arnold, 129
Fort Clinton, 128, 129
Fort Griswold, 190, 244, 246-248
Fort Lafayette, 126, 230 see also Verplanck’s Point
Fort Lee, 109
Fort Lloyd, 59, 107
Fort Mercer, 20, 137
Fort Mifflin, 142, 144
Fort Montgomery, 34, 128, 129
Fort Nonsense, 245, 246
Fort St. George, 52
Fort Trumbull, 190, 245-248
Fort Tryon, 117
Fort Washington, 101
Fort William, 54
Four Nations (Native American tribe), 2, 28
Franklin, Benjamin, 7, 136
Fredericksburg, VA, 207
Frog’s Neck, NY, 116
Gardner’s Bay, NY, 57, 64, 68, 71, 245
Garrot’s or Garrett’s Tavern, 207, 208
Gates, Horatio, 39, 40, 173
Gâtinais or Gatinois Regiment (Royal Auvergne),
9, 145, 162, 165, 166, 168, 175, 180
General Monk (20-gun British vessel), 73
Gentille (French vessel), 37, 65, 66, 152
Georgetown, MD, 209, 213
Germantown, 59, 137, 138, 226
Germantown, Battle of, 7, 92, 142, 155
Gifts, 29
Gimat de Soubadère, Jean Joseph de, 166
Gist, Mordecai, 180
Gloire (36-gun French frigate), 145, 190,
233-235, 261
Glorieux (74-gun French ship), 160, 181, 197,
198
Gloucester, VA, 59, 123, 145, 155, 156,
159-161, 163, 165, 166, 168-172, 176, 178,
183, 203
Goat Island, 24, 33
Gordon, Andrew, 228, 229
Gouvion, Jean-Baptiste, 260
Grandière, Charles-Marie de la, 73
Grasse, François Joseph Paul Comte de, 49,
58-60, 66, 77, 79-82, 99, 118, 122-124, 142,
145, 149, 151-153, 155, 160, 163, 169-172,
179-184, 189, 193, 194, 196-198, 200
Graves, Samuel, 1, 10, 15, 17, 18, 22, 32, 74,
123, 152
Greene Christopher, 19, 81
Greene, Nathanael, 19, 40, 50, 73, 74, 138, 139,
180, 185, 186, 194, 199, 222, 226, 227
Greene, William, 20
Grey, Charles, 92
Groton, CT, 246
Guadeloupe (32-gun French frigate), 200, 221,
266
Guepe (14-gun French cutter), 65, 67
Guichen, Luc Urbain du Bouëxic de, 26, 32,
49, 196, 197, 200
Guilford Courthouse, Battle of, 59, 74, 174
Hampton, VA, 155, 160, 180, 182, 186, 201,
203, 215
Hancock, John, 53, 54, 227
Hand, Edward, 125
Hanovertown, VA, 205, 206
Harlem Creek, NY, 111, 113, 114, 117, 121
Hart’s tavern, 258
Hartfield, 205
Hartford, CT, 95, 101, 106, 253; conference,
31, 44
Hartman, Jacques, 110
Haverstraw Bay, 35, 109, 110, 132, 229
Haverstraw camp, 230
Haverstraw, 133
Havre de Grace, 265
Head of Elk, 59, 73, 137, 140, 146, 149, 150, 153,
154, 217, 218, 220, 223, 224, 265
Heath, William, 2, 6, 26, 36, 125, 127, 180
Hector (74-gun French ship) , 198, 234
Hermione (32-gun French frigate), 10, 20, 44, 49, 64,
72, 75, 76, 181, 189, 192
Hermione, Battle of the, 18
Hood, Samuel first Viscount, 123, 142, 152, 179,
189, 193, 194, 197, 198, 226
Hope (20-gun British vessel), 73
Howe, Admiral Richard, 27, 54
Howe, General William, 54, 104, 137, 142, 146,
148, 151, 173, 211, 224
Howe, Robert, 63
Howland’s Ferry, 61
Huddy, Joshua, 228
Hudson River, 34, 35, 38, 48, 101, 106, 108-110,
113, 117, 125, 126-128, 133, 140, 158, 183, 194,
214, 220, 20 and 29, 230, 236, 237, 239, 244,
254-256
Hudson’s Bay, 77
Humphreys, David, 151
Hunt’s tavern, 126
Huntington Bay, NY, 107
Hussars, 46, 82
Ile de France (French ship), 2, 16, 20, 22, 25
Illinois (Native American tribe), 2, 28
Iris (32-gun British frigate), 18, 152, 261, 272
Iroquois (Native American tribe), 2, 28
Irvine, James, 136
Jamaica, 42, 199, 226, 235, 250
Jamaica expedition, 189, 196
James River, 64, 65, 119, 145, 152-155, 158, 160,
180, 203
Jamestown, VA, 120, 181, 182
Jason (64-gun French vessel), 9, 31, 73, 198
Johnson’s mill, 258
Junon (French frigate), 66, 200
Kakiat (see New Hempstead, NY)
Kalb, Johann Baron de, 2, 39
Kempenfelt, Richard, 196, 197
Kerenet/Kerenez see Querenet de la Combe,
Guillaume
Kergariou-Locmaria, Théobald René de, 200
Kergus, 72
King’s Ferry, 125-127, 130, 131, 230
Kingsbridge, 48, 59, 101, 102, 111, 117
Kingston, NJ, 135, 225
Knox, Henry, 175
Knyphausen, Wilhelm von, 148, 151, 227
L’Estrade, Claude Aimable Vincent de
Roqueplant baron de, 166
Lafayette (see Fayette)
Lameth, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte
de, 11, 166, 192, 235
Languedoc (French ship), 7
Latouche-Tréville, Louis René Madeleine Le
Vassor de, 10, 180 192, 233, 235
Laurel Hill, NY,117
Laurens, Henry, 149, 191, 199, 222
Laurens, John, 138, 139
Lauzun, Armand Louis de Gontaut–Biron,
Duc de, 20, 90, 102, 112, 113, 151, 159,
235, 243, 264, 274
Lauzun’s cavalry, 43, 150, 155
Lauzun’s hussars, 29, 45, 49, 121 242
Lauzun’s infantry, 82, 150
Lauzun’s Legion, 9, 20, 37, 43, 45, 56, 93,
95-99, 101, 104, 110-112, 126, 132, 137,
139, 146, 149, 180, 186, 201, 204-209, 213,
221-227, 229-231, 236, 260, 261, 265
Laval, Anne-Alexandre-Marie-Sulpice-Joseph
de Montmorency, 2e duc de, 108, 124, 235
Lebanon, CT, 45, 90, 93, 242
Leslie, Alexander, 50
Lincoln, Benjamin, 7, 75, 99, 101, 102, 175, 191
Lion (64-gun British vessel), 269
Lippincott, Richard, 228
Litchfield, CT, 255
Little Fall, MD, 217, 221, 222
Littlepage’s Bridge, VA, 204-207, 213
Livingston, James, 35, 36, 132
Livingston, William, 133
London (90-gun British ship), 22, 23, 72
Long Island, 25, 52, 64, 107, 115, 116, 118, 245
Long Island, Battle of, 7
Luzerne, Anne-César de la, 56, 136, 140, 217, 218,
220, 228, 258-260, 264
Lynnhaven Bay, VA, 65
Magnifique (French ship), 261
Maidenhead, NJ, 135, 226
Mamaroneck, NY, 59, 120
Manhattan, NY, 59
Marie Antoinette, 29
Marigny, Charles-René-Louis, vicomte de Bernard
de, 16, 73
Marin, Jean-Baptiste de, 167
Martha’s Vineyard, MA, 16, 17
Martinique, 26, 37, 60, 77, 81, 122, 123, 167, 180,
191, 197, 198
Mattaponi River, VA, 146, 181, 206
Mauduit du Plessis, Thomas-Antoine de, 138, 139,
142, 165
Maulevrier, Édouard Charles Victurnien Colbert,
comte de, 67
Mawhood, Charles, 134, 226
McDougall, Alexander, 128, 138, 139, 239
McKean, Thomas, 140
Medine, Charles René Magon de, 72-73
Merlin (22-gun British vessel), 142, 144
Micmac (Native American tribe), 43
Middlebrook, NJ, 226, 227
Middletown, CT, 93
Military Drills, 43, 232
Miller, Nathan, 82
Millstone River, 135
Money, 44, 45, 57, 62, 63, 67, 80, 93, 122, 149, 191,
218, 219, 234, 235, 238, 259, 260, 274
Monmouth, Battle of, 92
Montauk Point, NY 64
Monteil, François-Aymar, baron de, 49
Montgomery, William, 24
Montieu, Jean Joseph Carrier (Carié) de, 56
Morgan, Daniel, 57, 61, 62, 223
Morrisania, NY, 25, 59, 99, 101, 104, 112, 113, 117
Morristown, NJ, 135, 227
Mount Vernon, VA, 190, 210, 211, 256
Mud Island, 59, 142, 218
Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, 75
Musgrave, Thomas, 138
Music, 30
Nelson, Thomas, 75, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159,
175, 177, 186, 205, 206, 212
Neptune (80-gun French ship), 9, 14, 53, 72
Neurisse, Bernard de, 109
Neustrie, Regiment, 9, 11, 109, 110
New Bedford, MA, 92
New Britain, CT, 255
New Brunswick, NJ, 226
New Castle, VA, 137, 140, 142, 149, 204 –207
New Haven, CT, 34, 95, 247
New Hempstead, NY, 229-231
New London, CT, 49, 242, 244-246, 248
New Rochelle, NY,120
New Windsor, NY, 220, 230, 240
New York, siege of, 79
Newbridge, NJ, 236
Newburgh, NY, 194, 205, 217, 220, 230, 256
Newport PA, 224, 225, 265
Newport, RI, 2, 9, 17-19, 22, 24-27, 31, 32, 36,
37, 44, 46, 49, 53-55, 57-61, 64, 66, 67,
70-72, 76, 77, 79, 81-83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91,
92, 97, 107, 122, 123, 149, 152, 153, 190,
195, 224, 248 –252, 266
Newtown, CT, 97, 98, 101, 240
Noailles, Louis-Marie, viscount de, 23, 168
Norman’s Island, MA, 16
Norrel’s Tavern, 213
North Castle, NY, 103, 104, 126, 237
North River (see Hudson River)
Norwich, CT, 243-245
Occoquan Creek, 209
Ogeechee River, 199
Orangeburg, 38
Oxford, 96
Pamunkey River, VA, 146, 181, 204-206, 212
Paoli, Battle of, 92
Paramus, NJ, 229
Patapsco, MD, 221, 266
Patuxent or Snowden’s Iron Works, 213, 214
Paulus Hook, NJ, 109
Peekskill, NY, 126, 127, 137, 190, 230, 231, 235
Pennington, NJ, 135
Pensacola, Siege of, 49
Père de Famille (French vessel), 12
Pérouse, Jean François de Galaup, comte de la, 44,
56, 67
Pettitt’s Tavern, 219, 220, 258
Peyton’s Ordinary/Tavern, 208, 209
Philadelphia, 40, 72, 134, 136, 137, 145, 194, 218,
220, 258-260; camp, 138; capture, 7; defenses,
59; march to, 124
Philipsburgh, NY, 58, 104, 106, 107, 109, 111, 117,
125, 126, 132, 180, 236
Phillips, William, 75
Pickering, Timothy, 117
Pigeon’s Hill, 156, 161, 162
Pigot, Hugh, 226
Pines Bridge, 81, 125, 126, 236
Plainfield, NJ, 90, 91, 94, 242
Pluckemin, NJ 227
Pluton (French vessel), 152
Pompton Meetinghouse, 229
Pompton, 133
Portsmouth UK, 17
Portsmouth, VA, 50, 52, 57, 60, 64, 120
Potomac River, 208-211, 213
Prescott, Richard, 52
Princeton, NJ, 59, 134, 135, 137, 225, 226
Providence, RI, 20, 45, 52, 58, 76, 81-83, 89-93,
106, 123, 127, 190, 242, 249-252, 266
Quakers, 86, 87, 141, 248, 259
Queen Charlotte (British packet boat), 38, 145, 153
Queens Creek, NY, 154
Quémy, Louis-Alexandre Macquerel, Chev- alier
de, 264, 268-271, 273
Querenet de la Combe, Guillaume, 33, 175
Quibbletown, NJ, 226, 227
Railleuse (French frigate), 154
Rall, Johann Gottlieb, 135,136
Ransanne, Lebreton de, 66
Rappahannock River, VA, 207
Raritan River, NJ, 124, 226
Rawdon, Francis, 145
Red Bank, NJ, 59, 142, 144
Red Lion Tavern, 137, 139, 225
Religion, 28, 86, 87, 141, 176, 214, 216, 253
Renown (50-gun British ship), 27
Resolue (French vessel), 149
Rhode Island, 16; evacuation of, 79
Rhode Island militia regiment, 52
Rhode Island Regiment, 19, 41, 61, 81, 125,
127, 151
Rhode Island, Battle of, 2, 27
Richmond VA, 213
Richmond (British frigate) 152
Ridgebury, CT, 101, 103
Ridgefield, CT, 101
Ridgefield, Battle of, 239
Ridley’s Creek, VA, 146, 149
Rivington, James, 119
Roanoke (British vessel), 74
Robertson’s Ferry, 218, 258
Rochambeau, Donatien-Marie-Joseph de
Vimeur, vicomte de, 77, 268, 272, 273
Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de
Vimeur Comte de, 3, 25, 32, 43, 44, 46, 77,
90, 123, 140, 149; arrest, 190, 237, 238;
arrives at Brest, 10; Boston, 53, 54; camp,
104; comfort of his troops, 97; constructs
barracks, 61; council of war, 81; departure,
191, 202, 264; directs siege, 161; drill,
41-43; firmness, 24; foresight, 235;
fortifications, 22, 26, 3; goes to Paris and
Versailles, 273; good wishes to, 251;
Indians, 28; Inspects troops, 29, 104, 107;
leaves Chester, 146; meets with General
Washington, 205; North Castle, 126;
orders a feint, 167; Philadelphia, 139; plans,
76, 99; plea before Congress, 78; praised,
58, 71, 267; proclamation, 23; Reception at
Newport, 20; reconnoiters, 49, 109, 195,
239; Red Bank, 143; rejoins Washington,
200; returns from Philadelphia, 214, 264 ;
returns from the conference at Hartford,
33; Tarrytown, 109; upset, 12; visits camp,
251; visits pickets, 61; West Point, 127;
Wethersfield, 58; worries, 142; Yorktown, 172
Rochefort, 10
Rodney, Admiral George 26, 32, 77, 197-199
Roebuck (74-gun British frigate), 72
Romulus (British frigate), 15, 57, 65, 66, 152, 154,
181, 200, 221, 266
Rose Island, RI 24, 32, 33
Rouergue regiment, 9
Rouerie, 39
Roxbury, MA 54
Royal Deux Ponts Regiment, 9, 11, 19, 90, 165,
166, 168, 181, 203, 204, 206-209, 211, 213, 214,
222-226
Royal George (British ship), 197
Sagittaire (50-gun French vessel), 77, 82, 83
Saint Domingue, 42, 65, 76, 77, 179, 180, 182, 183,
191, 197-200, 271
Saint Eustatius, capture of 123
Saint Germain, Claude Louis, Comte de, 143
Saint Maisme-Dumuy, Count de, 167
Saint Simon Montbleru, Claude Anne de Rouvroy,
Marquis de, 146, 158, 161, 162, 165, 168, 174,
178, 179
Saint Simon volunteers, 162
Saintes, Battle of the, 65, 73, 77, 234
Saintonge Regiment, 8, 11, 12, 19, 42, 84, 91, 93,
95-98, 101, 111, 112, 121, 132, 152, 162, 163,
165, 168, 182, 201-209, 211, 213, 214, 222-226,
230, 233, 260
Sakonnet Passage, RI, 19
Saratoga, NY, 34, 36, 39, 178
Sartine, Antoine Raymond Jean Gualbert Gabriel
de, 10, 41, 196
Savannah, GA, 7, 189, 199
Scammel, Alexander, 117, 125, 158
Schuylkill, River, PA, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 218
Scotch Plains, NJ, 227
Ségur, Louis-Philippe, Comte de, 234, 235, 249
Ségur, Philippe Henri, marquis de, 195
Serpent (French cutter), 149
Sheldon, Elisha, 101
Sheldon’s dragoons, 52, 101, 236, 237
Shippen, Margaret (see Arnold, Margaret
(Peggy) Shippen)
Sibylle (French frigate), 200
Simcoe, John Graves, 74, 119
Sireuil, Jean-Jarlan de, 166
Skippack Creek, PA, 137, 139
Smallwood, William, 39, 223
Snider’s tavern, 219
Soissonnais Regiment, 9, 11, 19, 23, 43, 84, 90,
91, 93, 95-98, 101, 108, 111, 121, 132-134,
137, 146, 149, 150, 161, 162, 165, 167, 181,
203-209, 210, 213-215, 222-227, 229, 231,
234, 239, 240, 252
Somerset Courthouse, NJ, 134, 137, 226, 227
Somerset (74-gun British ship), 54, 134
South Carolina (American frigate), 190, 261
Southington, CT, 97
Springfield, NJ, 227
Spy, 35, 38, 63, 119, 180
St. Christopher (St. Kitts), 181, 189, 193, 194,
197
St. Clair, Arthur, 180, 185
St. Kitts, Battle of, 73
St. Louis day, 26
St. Vincent, 271
Staten Island, NY, 114, 124, 133, 134
Sterling, Thomas, 144
Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard
Augustin Baron von, 175, 194, 232
Stony Point, NY, 35, 59, 126, 131, 132
Stratford River, CT, 240, 255
Suffren de Saint Tropez, Pierre Andre de, 132,
133, 196, 229
Sullivan, John, 27, 28, 117, 135, 136, 138, 139,
148
Sumter, Thomas, 50
Surveillante (32-gun French frigate), 9, 14-16,
44, 49, 64-66, 72, 76, 77, 173
Susanne (18-gun French sloop of war), 199
Susquehanna camp, 224
Susquehanna ferry, 222, 265
Sussex Courthouse, 219, 258
Sybille (26-gun French frigate), 200
Talleyrand, Count de Boson, 235
Tallmadge, Benjamin, 52
Tanouarn, Louis-Marie, Chevalier de la, 77
Tarleton, Banastre, 50, 51, 57, 59, 61, 74, 119, 155,
156, 159, 172, 223
Tarrytown, NY, 36, 59, 108, 125, 230
Taunton River, MA, 46
Ternay, Charles Louis d’Arsac Chevalier de, 1, 2, 8,
12-17, 20, 24, 25, 32, 44, 46, 49, 77, 123; death,
53-55; returns from the conference at Hartford,
33
Terrible (74-gun British ship), 152
Tilghman, Tench, 60
Tilly, Armand Le Gardeur de, 57, 65-67
Touraine Regiment, 145, 161, 162, 180, 183, 193
Treaty of Alliance, 8, 21
Trenton, 59, 134, 135, 137, 149, 225, 226
Trenton, Battle of, 155
Triton (64-gun French ship and 74-gun British
ship), 145, 154
Tromelin, Maurice Boudin de, 66
Trumbull, Jonathan, 45, 242, 247
Trumbull, John, 220
Tryon, William, 239
Ushant, Battle of, 197
Vaillant (64-gun French vessel), 145, 154, 198
Valentine’s Hill, NY, 59, 111
Valette, Charles-François Chaudron de la, 121,
132, 201, 214, 217, 261, 265, 266, 268, 274
Vallongue, Louis Marie Casimir, Chevalier de, 233,
234
Vauban, Jacques Anne Joseph le Prestre, Comte
de, 113, 116, 127, 150, 151, 249, 252
Vaudreuil, Louis-Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de,
196-199, 215, 233, 235, 236, 261, 268, 272, 274;
at Boston, 216
Verplanck’s Point, 35, 126, 230
Versailles, 44
Verton, Jacques Philippe de, 111
Victoire (French vessel), 160
Victory (100-gun British ship), 198
Vigilant (64-gun British vessel), 142, 144
Ville de Paris (French ship), 152, 154, 160, 179, 197
Villebrune, Servant Paul le Saige de, 66, 181, 199,
266
Villefranche, Jean-Louis Ambroise de Genton
chevalier de, 230
Villemanzy, Jacques-Pierre Orillard de, 124,
227, 238
Villeneuve, Augustin Clement de Berthelot
chevalier de, 166
Vioménil, Antoine-Charles du Houx, baron
de, 3, 9, 13, 19, 20, 32, 41, 43, 53, 55, 57, 68,
73, 90, 97, 107, 109, 125, 134, 136, 137, 140,
150, 152-154, 156, 158, 161-167, 174, 192,
235, 237, 249, 250, 252, 261
Virginia Capes, Battle of the, 152
Voluntown, CT, 253
Vulture (British frigate), 35, 36
Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 48
Wallingford, CT, 95
Warrington, Rachel and Camilla, 202
Washington, George, 33, 38, 150, 177;
Brandywine, 148; camp, 54, 104, 110, 133;
compliments, 174; Delaware, 136; divides
the troops, 180; forage, 48; guard, 118;
headquarters, 217; inspection, 104; joy,
104; Kingsbridge, 101; leaves Chester, 146;
mutiny, 64; Newport, 68; orders, 20;
patience and goodness, 105; plans, 178;
poorly served, 226; praise, 70; Princeton,
135; quarters, 98, 137, 257; reception, 57;
reconnoitering, 52, 109, 157 ; retreats to
Chester, 148; returns from Hartford, 36;
reviews troops, 124, 153, 232; siege, 161;
surprises the British, 134; takes command,
125
West Point, 36
Whitemarsh, 144
winter in Philadelphia, 189
Williamsburg, 176
Yorktown, 172
Washington, Martha, 190, 210, 211, 256
Washington, William, 206
dragoon, 62
Waterbury, CT, 97
Waterbury, David, 106
Waterman’s Tavern, 89, 242, 250
Wayne’s Pennsylvania Regiment, 120
Weedon, George, 155, 159
West Indies, 6, 32, 37, 44, 49, 60, 65, 66, 95, 138,
179, 196, 234, 241, 244, 245, 264, 268, 271, 274
West Point, NY, 2, 34, 36, 37, 48, 59, 125, 127-130,
220, 230, 255, 257
West Point, VA, 146, 206
West Stratford, CT, 96, 98
Westchester, NY 115, 117, 121
Wethersfield Conference, 79, 80
Wethersfield, CT, 58, 240
Whippany, NJ, 133, 134, 227, 229
White Plains, Battle of, 7, 104
White Plains, NY, 99, 102, 104
William Henry, Prince, Duke of Gloucester and
Edinburgh, 123, 176, 235
Williamsburg, VA, 59, 117, 119, 120, 146, 150,
153-155, 166, 167, 178, 181, 182, 185, 189, 194,
201-204, 207, 211, 264, 268; camp, 154
Wilmington, DE, 74, 146, 148, 149, 150, 218, 224,
261
Wilmington NC, 185
Windham, CT, 90, 91, 242
Windward Isles, 77, 180, 189, 193, 196
Winter quarters, 3, 45, 48, 134, 135, 179, 180, 194,
200, 220, 256, 268
Wittgenstein, 9, 11
Wood Castle, RI, 43
Woodbury, CT, 97
Wooster, David, 239
York River, 152, 155, 156, 159, 162, 181, 195, 203
Yorktown Heights, NY 125, 190, 231, 235-238,
261
Yorktown, VA, 8, 18, 23, 32, 37, 39, 47, 51, 59, 66,
75, 77, 98, 99, 106, 111, 117, 120, 121, 125, 129,
132, 145, 146, 150, 155, 158, 161, 166, 167, 172,
175, 176, 178, 181, 187, 189-191, 199, 217, 230,
244; Siege of, 75, 156
Zélé (74-gun French ship), 197